Components of a computer, together, make the efficient working of the larger, more sophisticated electronic device. The overall computer efficiency depends on each component’s unique functioning. Although the central processing unit (CPU) is the main component and it is known as the computer’s brain, equally important to the CPU are the input and output devices and the memory unit. While the input and output devices help users interact with the computer, the memory unit provides storage. Playing an important role in handling data and retaining it safely for a long period. Components including the power supply unit, cooling system, and motherboard handle other functionalities, such as performance, stability, and connectivity. A better understanding of these components and their functionalities provides a clear idea of a computer’s working mechanism.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this session, you will be able to,
- Get an idea about the different components of a computer and their functioning.
- Identify the critical component within the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
An Introduction to Different Components of a Computer
We all know that the components of a computer play an essential role in the functioning of a computer. Some of these are physical and can be seen conspicuously, such as the monitor, keyboard, and CPU. However, we can see the enclosure of critical components inside the CPU. Among various essential elements, the most important is the microprocessor, which closely resembles the human brain because all computer functions start executing at the microprocessor. We can see the microprocessor on the motherboard inside the CPU.
The Significance of Software in Binding the Computer Components together
But, all these electronic, physical components of different entities must work as a single unit. And these components need instructions to make them work in a particular manner. That is made possible through software. Without software, they cannot function. It is the same with software, requiring hardware to implement the logic.
For instance, you bought a mobile phone, but making calls and WhatsApp requires various software. Otherwise, the device is like a dead one. So likewise, the purpose will not be solved if there is software but no device.
What Constitutes a Computer?
Both the hardware and software together constitute a computer.
Hardware + Software= Computer
The Computer Components and its Classification:
Now looking into the hardware computer components, the classification consists of input devices, CPU, and output devices.
The Input Unit:
The input unit consists of devices such as the keyboard and mouse, which enable users to enter data into the computer. The input unit creates a connection between the programmer and the computer.
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The CPU is the core part of a computer because it performs major functionalities, such as storing and processing data. It consists of the control unit, the arithmetic, the logical unit, and the memory unit. While the control unit transfers the instructions and data, the memory unit helps store the data and instructions.
The ALU unit contains two sections, namely the arithmetic and logic section. The arithmetic section involves performing arithmetic operations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division. The logic section performs logical functions such as matching, comparing, analyzing, and selecting.
The CPU also consists of floppy disks, a hard drive, an optical disc drive, three or four RAM modules or slots, and a microprocessor. As a result, the CPU holds the CPU controls the control of the entire computer operations.
Notably, some of the most critical components, namely the microprocessor, and RAM, are located on the motherboard within the CPU.
Within the CPU we can also see the power supply unit and a system fan inside the CPU.
Output Devices:
Through the output devices, users can get information processed and generated by the computer. Examples of output devices include a monitor, printer, webcam, and speaker.
Finally, the computers work as a single unit by assembling all these electronic components together.
To know more about the computer functioning, visit the lesson, Introduction to computers.
To know more about different types of software, visit the lesson, Classification of Software.