The meaning of quantum computing is that it uses qubits as the primary data units (to store information). Instead of using bits with integrated circuits and logic gates like classic computers to process data, it relies on quantum mechanics principles. While traditional computers use bits (0 and 1) as the fundamental data unit, quantum computers use qubits.
Quantum Mechanics:
Quantum mechanics is a sub-branch of physics that can explain the behavior of energy and matter in the most basic units involving sub-atoms and atoms. In contrast to traditional physics, where all the laws work deterministically, quantum mechanics principles exhibit a counterintuitive nature. Some of the familiar concepts in this field include the following,
Entanglement:
Qubits exhibit interconnectedness, meaning they entangle with each other even when apart. Such that the property of one state influences features of another. This process occurs due to the interconnection of more than one qubit. During such instances, independent descriptions of single qubits are impossible, though they are not near each other and separated by huge distances. Thus, while measuring one qubit, it spontaneously determines the other qubit’s state.
Due to the entanglement property, the capability of quantum computers widens to process information in an entirely different and exceptional way. Majorly to solve issues that are, otherwise, difficult to achieve with currently available computing devices. With higher processing capacity than regular ones, quantum computers are set to revolutionize the computing power.
Meaning of Quantum Computing:
Superposition:
In contrast to the traditional computing fundamental techniques where bits can exist only in one state, as either 0’s or 1’s state, qubits exhibit the superposition of their state, meaning they can simultaneously exist as 0’s and 1’s at a given time.
Duality:
Electrons or quantum entities might exhibit dual effects that include not only the properties of a particle but also waves. Moreover, the description of the wave function for qubits is unique and mathematical, which enables it to encode all the feasible positions/states, exploring a qubit can occupy.
Uncertainty:
The elements in quantum mechanics exhibit uncertainty in terms of momentum and position, as it is difficult to know them exactly at a given time.
Quantum computers at large offer exceptional features, promising to dive through the unconquered areas. Artificial intelligence, material science, and cryptography are the sectors particularly that are expected to witness a significant revolution due to the introduction of quantum computers. However, it is skeptical about their real-time application, as many challenges exist, especially in manufacturing such large-scale systems.
But how is the research progressing without the development of quantum computers?
Currently, a lot of research is being done in quantum computing using analog quantum simulation. The use of superconducting circuits makes it possible to simulate quantum systems. By engineering quantum systems, researchers control the process so that they can mimic the quantum problem behavior. Traditional computers cannot efficiently simulate quantum systems. A superconducting microwave resonator is one of the best examples of a device that helps to store energy to enable quantum interactions with one another. Among the various platforms, resonators are proving more convenient for analog quantum simulation.